Free Ebook Outliers: The Story of Success
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Outliers: The Story of Success
Free Ebook Outliers: The Story of Success
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Audible Audiobook
Listening Length: 7 hours and 17 minutes
Program Type: Audiobook
Version: Unabridged
Publisher: Hachette Audio
Audible.com Release Date: November 18, 2008
Language: English, English
ASIN: B001LNK9C4
Amazon Best Sellers Rank:
Malcolm Gladwell, a writer for the New Yorker (wonderful articles on NFL concussions and NYC rubber rooms in 2009), released this book in the fall of 2008. It spent a few months on the non-fiction best seller list. Gladwell explains that stories of success are usually much more complicated than people (or the media) often make them appear. He writes that the American arch-type of the self-made man is really a myth, and that a great deal of success is often the result of a mixture of time, parents, practice, opportunity and chance.(1) A brilliant point that he offers is that 14 of the 75 richest people in world history (translated into 2008 dollars) were Americans born in the 1830's. He cites that they had to be young enough to avoid the pre-civil War mind-set but old enough to take advantage of the opportunities that Wall Street, the railroads and industrial manufacturing provided between 1865 and 1880. This was one of his several examples about the importance of being born at the right time.(2) Gladwell explained how most of the European immigrants who ended up in NYC in the late 1800's and early 1900's did not have a skill or trade. The Jews that came from Eastern Europe usually had some experience with clothing; as a result, NYC was the world center of garment making during the first half of the 20th century, and the new businesses that sprung up and flourished were almost entirely owned and run by Jews. The children of garment workers (and owners) learned the importance of persuasion, hustle, shrewdness and long hours. Many garment workers' children became professionals, such as doctors and lawyers.(3) He forwards the "10,000" rule in chapter 2 and cites that the Beatles were on stage for about 10,000 hours in Hamburg, Germany, and that experience transformed them into a band that could play lots of songs in a variety of different styles. Bill Gates also had 10,000 hours of practice on a computer in the late 60's, and Mozart wrote music for about 10,000 hours before he started turning out his greatest work.(4) The Beatles were given the opportunity to play in Hamburg because of the relationship that a booking agent from Liverpool had with some Germans. Gates had access to a computer because of where he grew up (going to a rich school that was close to the University of Washington) and who he knew (a friend's parents got them 24 hour access to computers around Seattle). Chris Langan, an American with an IQ of 195, never had many opportunities, and so his brain was largely squandered (which Gladwell details in his chapter "The Trouble with Geniuses, Part I").(5) There is a huge amount of luck that runs through all of these pieces. Working at something for 10,000 hours is individually driven, but timing, parents and opportunity has nothing to do with being self-made.Gladwell writes in the same style as ESPN's Bill Simmons (whose latest book he wrote the intro for). He is easy to follow, he is funny and he uses a great deal of footnotes. The great flaw in Gladwell's work is that while his arguments and connections are interesting and make sense, they are not driven by research or that much hard data. He relies on anecdotal stories and hammering his points repeatedly. He rarely provides an opposing view to his points.
This is not just a good book. This is an important book. One of the first things I realized in reading this book by Malcolm Gladwell is that his position is diametrically opposite from that of Dr. Ben Carson, who through his campaign for the presidency stated that "poverty is a state of mind." Carson emphasized that despite all odds he was able to pull himself out of poverty and become a neurosurgeon and accomplish the things he did.Gladwell's book states early that success doesn't happen in a vacuum. It isn't based on intelligence, but on a variety of factors, and he uses multiple examples to demonstrate that we as a nation could have many more successful people in our country if we were to accept that it takes a village to make successes out of our children. In fact, he shows that hard work and opportunity in almost all cases are more important than intelligence.One story tells of the Canadian hockey league and the fascinating statistic that the vast majority of all successful hockey players are born in January, February or March. Why? Because the cutoff date for signing children is January 1, and those born in the first three months have a distinct advantage in age, experience and size in relation to those they play against. That same cutoff date is used by other countries, such as the Czech Republic, for not only hockey but soccer as well, which means that children born in the later part of the year consistently are overlooked when it comes to team sports. It's a built-in bias.These biases are all around us, and determine who succeeds or fails, constantly. In addition, the bias of a culture has a significant effect on how well a student does. Gladwell talks about the belief that Asians are better at math, which he shows is because their languages are more number-friendly, leading children to count earlier, and which make math simpler. In addition, he shows the inherent tradition of hard work of southern China had resulted in a work ethic for their descendants that continues today.Many of the stories are supported with statistics. One of the most eye-opening to me was his observation of the impact on summer vacation. Statistics show that the amount that lower-, middle-, and upper-class students learn in elementary school each year isn't that significantly different. But when you compare what they learn or forget over summer vacation, there is a significant discrepancy. Upper-class parents keep their children busy with lessons and classes all summer, while in most situations lower and even middle-class students don't do much during the summer and often forget much of what they have learned the previous year. As the summers add up, the problem compounds. And so the difference between upper, middle and lower class widens.The book is significant, easy to read, and extremely thought provoking. I highly recommend it.
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